Combination of key LHC (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb) measurements in p-p, p-A, and/or A-A collisions to achieve high-precision constraints on nuclear PDFs, QGP properties, SM parameters, and/or searches of physics beyond the SM. Examples include gauge bosons and jets differential cross sections to constrain nPDF, light-by-light scattering to constrain new physics (axion) searches, open charm or bottom hadron cross sections to determine QGP transport coefficients.

Development of novel gas-target techniques to be able to carry out the most energetic fixed-target collisions ever performed in the lab, using the LHC beams at ALICE and LHCb. Evaluation of the novel expected constraints on PDFs at high-x in the proton and nucleus, parton spin dynamics, as well as QGP properties via unique quarkonia measurements.

Precision experiments at low energy, often called the Intensity Frontier of the Standard Model, entail measuring parameters of SM with high precision thereby constraining the contributions of yet unknown non-standard interactions and particles. While collider searches are best suited to look for heavy new particles, low-energy tests are sensitive to the full range of new physics.

Extraction of unpolarized and polarized TMDs and parton fragmentation functions (FFs) from new high-precision QCD analyses of novel high-statistics measurements at e+e-, e-p and p-p at fixed-target and collider energies.

Extraction of GPDs from new high-precision QCD analyses of novel high-statistics e-p and p-p measurements at fixed-target and collider energies.

Development of new Monte Carlo tools and studies of benchmark channels, for e-A collisions at future deep-inelastic experiments (Electron-Ion Collider, EIC). Optimisation of associated detector designs for high-resolution tracking, vertexing, photon, and PID.

Development of a common data-theory analysis framework to determine exotic hadrons properties (new mesons and baryons, onia, dibaryon, multi-quark, glueballs, hybrids...) by fitting new experimental data (MAMI, TJNAF, BESIII, COMPASS, LHCb and ALICE at CERN) to lattice QCD and effective-field-theory predictions.

Development of beyond state-of-art radiation detectors based on semiconductors (Cadmium Telluride, Cadmium Zinc Telluride) able to perform high-precision measurements of X-ray and gamma-ray photons in different environments/conditions.

Development of new silicon detectors based on Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) for high-precision tracking, and energy loss measurement for advanced particle identification.

Production of polarized nucleon targets (at the prototype level) using solid state materials combined with superconducting high-field magnets and the Dynamic Nuclear Polarization method.

Development of cryogenically-cooled cluster/pellet/microjet sources to be used as targets in a variety of collision setups (storage ring experiments, electron accelerators, or laser-driven hadron accelerators).

Optimization of the polarization of protons and antiprotons beams and targets for the GSI/FAIR storage ring.

Optimization of high-intensity polarized electron and positron beam sources, and full design of the Hydro-Møller polarimeter detector using high-voltage monolithic active pixel sensors (HV-MAPS).

Development (up to the prototype stage) of new gas detectors with improved capabilities in tracking, charged particle identification, photon detection, and timing in the picosecond region, capable of operating under very high beam intensity conditions.

Multi-prong improved data selection (trigger-detector-less data acquisition, deadtime-free frontend electronics, Field Programmable Array (FPGA) based online selection) plus distributed physics analysis (partial wave analysis of resonances, and multi-particle correlations) for rare signal events under high background conditions (multi-PByte/month) in anti-p-p, anti-p-A, and A-A collisions for the PANDA and CBM experiments at the future FAIR facility.

Extraction of high-precision nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDF) through global fits including the latest LHC p-A and A-A data. Extension of current gluon-saturation calculations (CGC, BFKL, TMD...) to NLO accuracy with resummation corrections, for observables with three jets and with heavy-quarks. Calculation of multi-particle correlations issuing from initial-state PDF effects to separate them from final-state hydrodynamic effects in small systems (p-p, p-A collisions).

Development of novel experimental and theoretical techniques for jet physics in A-A collisions, providing a reference implementation of jet interactions in a QGP via a full heavy-ion Monte Carlo (MC) event generator. Definition of new observables and development of new tools (based on quark/gluon jet substructure variables via machine-learning techniques) with increased sensitivity to the physical mechanisms involved in jet-QGP interactions.

Address the “proton-radius puzzle” via combined data-theory analyses of new results in atomic spectroscopy (laser spectroscopy of Hydrogen molecules and molecular ions, muonic atoms, He+ ions, positronium, and muonium) and very-low momentum transfer (Q2) lepton-proton elastic scattering at various energies.

Address the “neutron stars hyperon puzzle” (contradiction between the observation of 2-solarmasses neutron stars and microscopical predictions of a softening of the nuclear equation-of-state due to the presence of strange-quark hadrons) through combined theoretical and experimental studies of (anti)hypernuclei and bound strange-meson systems produced in hadronic collisions at various c.m. energies.

Development of combined software, data sharing, and methodologies in lattice QCD theory across Europe along 4 axes: (i) hadron spectroscopy and structure, (ii) hadrons under extreme conditions, (iii) hadrons in the SM and beyond, (iv) novel numerical algorithms and computing for lattice hadron physics.